Saint Petersburg is often considered the cultural heart of Russia, with its rich history, imperial architecture, and world-class museums. Founded by Peter the Great in 1703, the city has been at the center of Russian political, artistic, and intellectual life for centuries. Whether you’re interested in Russia’s imperial past, revolutionary history, or its contributions to art and literature, Saint Petersburg offers an abundance of sites that will captivate history buffs and culture lovers alike.
Here are the top attractions in Saint Petersburg for those eager to dive into the city’s fascinating history and vibrant cultural scene.
1. The Hermitage Museum
The Hermitage Museum, housed in the iconic Winter Palace, is one of the largest and most prestigious art museums in the world. Founded by Catherine the Great in 1764, it holds an unparalleled collection of art, historical artifacts, and royal treasures. The museum spans five buildings along the Neva River, including the Winter Palace, the Small Hermitage, and the New Hermitage.
Why Visit:
- The museum’s collections include works by Leonardo da Vinci, Rembrandt, Michelangelo, Van Gogh, and Cezanne.
- Explore imperial Russian art and artifacts, as well as ancient Greek and Roman sculptures and Egyptian antiquities.
- The museum’s grand architecture, including the Jordan Staircase and the Throne Room, is a sight in itself.
Tips:
- Allocate several hours or even a full day to explore the vast collections.
- Consider a guided tour to better understand the historical context behind the art and artifacts.
2. Peter and Paul Fortress
The Peter and Paul Fortress is the birthplace of Saint Petersburg and the oldest structure in the city. Founded by Peter the Great in 1703, the fortress served as a military stronghold and a prison. Today, it is a museum complex with several historic buildings, including the Peter and Paul Cathedral, where many Russian tsars and tsarinas are buried.
Why Visit:
- The Peter and Paul Cathedral is a stunning example of Russian Baroque architecture and houses the tombs of the Romanov family.
- The fortress offers breathtaking views of the Neva River and Saint Petersburg’s skyline.
- The State Museum of the History of Saint Petersburg within the fortress provides fascinating exhibits on the city’s founding and development.
Tips:
- Visit the Trubetskoy Bastion Prison to learn about the role the fortress played in Russia’s political history.
- Take a stroll around the fortress grounds and enjoy the beautiful gardens.
3. Catherine Palace and Park (Tsarskoye Selo)
The Catherine Palace, located in the town of Pushkin near Saint Petersburg, is an incredible example of Baroque architecture. The palace was the summer residence of the Russian tsars and is famous for its opulent interiors, particularly the Amber Room, which was restored after being lost during WWII.
Why Visit:
- The Amber Room is a breathtaking chamber completely covered in amber panels, mirrors, and gold leaf.
- The palace is surrounded by the grand Catherine Park, which features manicured gardens, lakes, and sculptures.
- The Catherine Hall and Great Hall inside the palace offer a glimpse into the imperial lifestyle, with their luxurious décor.
Tips:
- Allocate time to explore the beautiful park, which is perfect for a relaxing walk.
- Plan your visit during the summer months when the fountains in the park are operational.
4. Kazan Cathedral
Located on Nevsky Prospekt, Kazan Cathedral is one of the most important religious landmarks in Saint Petersburg. Built between 1801 and 1811, the cathedral is dedicated to the Our Lady of Kazan icon, one of Russia’s most revered religious symbols.
Why Visit:
- The cathedral’s monumental colonnade, inspired by St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, creates a striking visual impact.
- Inside, you’ll find beautiful mosaics, a massive iconostasis, and the famous Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.
- Kazan Cathedral holds a significant place in Russian history and is a center of Russian Orthodox Christianity.
Tips:
- The colonnade offers an excellent viewpoint over Nevsky Prospekt and the surrounding area.
- Be sure to see the intricate interior, including the impressive iconostasis.
5. State Russian Museum
Located in the Mikhailovsky Palace, the State Russian Museum is dedicated to showcasing Russian art from the 10th century to the present day. The museum houses a comprehensive collection of Russian art, including paintings, sculptures, and icons.
Why Visit:
- Explore Russian icons, which are an important part of Russian religious history.
- View works by famous Russian artists such as Repin, Shishkin, Aivazovsky, and Brodsky.
- The museum also offers exhibitions on Russian folk art and applied arts.
Tips:
- Be sure to explore both the permanent collections and temporary exhibitions to gain a deeper understanding of Russia’s artistic evolution.
6. The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood
The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood is one of the most visually striking landmarks in Saint Petersburg. Built on the spot where Tsar Alexander II was assassinated in 1881, the church features colorful onion domes and intricate mosaics that depict scenes from the New Testament.
Why Visit:
- The church’s interior is adorned with over 7,500 square meters of mosaics, which are among the largest and most stunning in the world.
- The church’s onion domes and colorful façade are iconic examples of Russian Revival architecture.
- The church’s history, associated with Tsar Alexander II’s assassination, adds to its cultural significance.
Tips:
- Don’t miss the mosaic interiors—spend time admiring the intricate scenes that cover the walls and ceilings.
- The church is one of the most photographed buildings in the city, so it’s a great spot for stunning photos.
7. Mariinsky Theatre
The Mariinsky Theatre is one of the most famous opera and ballet venues in the world. Founded in 1783, the theatre has hosted some of the greatest performances in the history of Russian music and dance, including works by Tchaikovsky, Prokofiev, and Shostakovich.
Why Visit:
- See a world-class performance of Russian opera or ballet. The Mariinsky is home to the renowned Mariinsky Ballet and Mariinsky Opera companies.
- The theatre’s neoclassical design and ornate interiors are worth admiring, whether or not you’re attending a show.
Tips:
- Check the Mariinsky Theatre’s schedule ahead of time to book tickets for performances. Attending a show is an unforgettable experience for culture lovers.
- If you’re not able to attend a performance, consider taking a guided tour of the theatre to learn about its rich history.
8. Nevsky Prospekt
Nevsky Prospekt is the central artery of Saint Petersburg, stretching from the Admiralty to the Alexander Nevsky Monastery. It is one of the most famous streets in Russia, lined with historical landmarks, shops, restaurants, and cultural sites.
Why Visit:
- Architectural gems like the Kazansky Cathedral, Singer House, and Anichkov Bridge line the street, making it perfect for a leisurely walk.
- Cafés and theatres along the avenue offer a glimpse into the daily life of Saint Petersburg’s residents.
Tips:
- Take a stroll down Nevsky Prospekt to explore its many historical buildings and shop for souvenirs.
- Stop at one of the street’s cafés for a traditional Russian tea or pastry.
9. Summer Garden and the Mikhailovsky Castle
The Summer Garden is one of the oldest parks in Saint Petersburg, created by Peter the Great in the early 18th century. It is home to beautiful sculptures, fountains, and perfectly landscaped greenery. The adjacent Mikhailovsky Castle is another historic site, once the residence of Tsar Paul I.
Why Visit:
- The Summer Garden is a peaceful retreat where you can enjoy a leisurely walk, admire the fountains, and view classical sculptures.
- Mikhailovsky Castle offers a museum experience, with exhibits related to the Russian royal family and the castle’s history.
Tips:
- Don’t miss the Bronze Horseman statue, a symbol of Peter the Great and one of Russia’s most famous monuments.
10. Russian Orthodox Churches
Saint Petersburg is home to many stunning Russian Orthodox churches, each showcasing beautiful architecture, religious icons, and rich history. The Trinity Cathedral and Smolny Cathedral are among the most iconic churches in the city.
Why Visit:
- Admire the grandeur of these Russian Orthodox cathedrals, featuring onion domes and elaborate iconostasis.
- Experience the spiritual atmosphere and learn about the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the country’s history.
Tips:
- Take the time to explore the churches’ interiors and learn about their historical and religious significance.
Conclusion
Saint Petersburg is a city that offers an exceptional combination of history, art, and architecture, making it a paradise for culture lovers and history buffs. From the imperial grandeur of the Hermitage Museum and Peter and Paul Fortress to the stunning architecture of Kazan Cathedral and the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood, these landmarks offer a deep dive into Russia’s rich cultural and historical past. Whether you’re exploring grand palaces, world-class museums, or taking in an opera at the Mariinsky Theatre, Saint Petersburg promises to be a memorable destination for anyone fascinated by history and culture.