The Moscow Kremlin is home to some of Russia’s most iconic religious structures, and the Assumption Cathedral (Uspensky Sobor) is certainly one of the most significant and beautiful. However, the Kremlin complex boasts several other cathedrals that are equally worth visiting. These churches are not just architectural marvels but are deeply embedded in Russian history and culture, with many of them serving as sites of royal coronations, religious ceremonies, and the burials of Russian tsars. Here are the top 5 must-see Kremlin cathedrals, all of which complement the Assumption Cathedral in both beauty and historical importance.
1. Annunciation Cathedral (Blagoveshchensky Sobor)
Why It’s a Must-See
The Annunciation Cathedral is one of the most beautiful and historically significant churches in the Kremlin. Originally built in the late 15th century, it has long served as the private church of the Russian royal family, specifically the grand princes and later the tsars. The cathedral played a central role in the early Russian monarchy, hosting royal weddings, baptisms, and prayers.
Key Highlights
- Iconic Interior: The cathedral is renowned for its stunning frescoes, which were painted by Russian and Italian artists during the 16th century. The interior features vibrant scenes from the life of Christ and the Virgin Mary, as well as royal portraits.
- Royal Significance: This cathedral was where many of the Russian tsars were baptized, including Ivan the Terrible. It is also the church where the royal family gathered for private religious observances.
- Architecture: The cathedral’s design is a blend of Byzantine and Russian Orthodox architectural styles, with a distinctive five-domed structure and a beautiful iconostasis.
Best Time to Visit
As one of the most important cathedrals in the Kremlin, the Annunciation Cathedral can be busy during peak hours. Visiting in the early morning or late afternoon is ideal for avoiding large crowds.
2. Archangel Cathedral (Arkhangelsky Sobor)
Why It’s a Must-See
The Archangel Cathedral is one of the most historically significant cathedrals in the Kremlin and serves as the final resting place for many of the Russian tsars. Built in the early 16th century, it holds a prominent position as the royal burial place and was the site of the coronations of several Russian monarchs.
Key Highlights
- Tomb of the Tsars: The cathedral is home to the tombs of Russian royalty, including the graves of Ivan the Terrible, Alexis of Russia, and other notable tsars. This makes it a deeply spiritual site and a must-visit for anyone interested in Russian history.
- Iconography: The cathedral’s frescoes are another highlight, featuring biblical scenes and portraits of saints. Its iconostasis is richly adorned with golden details and religious icons.
- Architecture: The cathedral’s pyramidal roof, four towers, and elegant proportions set it apart from the other churches in the Kremlin. Its simple yet majestic design exemplifies Russian Orthodox church architecture.
Best Time to Visit
Because the Archangel Cathedral is a significant historical and religious site, it tends to attract visitors throughout the day. Early morning or mid-afternoon visits are the best times to avoid crowds.
3. The Church of the Twelve Apostles (Tserkov’ Dvenadtsati Apostolov)
Why It’s a Must-See
The Church of the Twelve Apostles is one of the lesser-known but equally beautiful cathedrals in the Kremlin. Built during the reign of Tsar Mikhail Romanov in the 17th century, it is an important example of Russian Baroque architecture. Its history as a royal church adds to its significance, though it is often overshadowed by the larger cathedrals.
Key Highlights
- Baroque Architecture: The church is a prime example of the Russian Baroque style, with a grand interior full of rich decoration, intricate wooden iconostasis, and elaborate frescoes that cover the walls and ceilings.
- Connection to the Romanovs: The church was constructed during the early years of the Romanov dynasty and served as a royal chapel. It remains a significant part of Russian history, symbolizing the ascendancy of the Romanovs.
- Unique Interior: Unlike many other cathedrals in the Kremlin, the Church of the Twelve Apostles features a more modest interior with delicate iconography and bright gold decorations.
Best Time to Visit
Because the Church of the Twelve Apostles is smaller and less visited than some of the other Kremlin cathedrals, it’s often quieter throughout the day. Visiting mid-morning or late afternoon is a great way to enjoy this peaceful site.
4. The Church of St. George (Tserkov’ Svyatogo Georgiya)
Why It’s a Must-See
The Church of St. George is another small but significant cathedral within the Kremlin. Although it’s not as famous as the Assumption Cathedral or Annunciation Cathedral, it holds a prominent place in Russian history. This church was originally used by the royal family for private worship and is dedicated to St. George, the patron saint of warriors.
Key Highlights
- Historical Context: The church was used for military and state ceremonies, and it is known for its connection to the Russian Orthodox Church’s military patronage. This makes it a unique site, offering a different perspective on the religious and political landscape of the time.
- Simplicity and Beauty: Unlike some of the larger cathedrals, the Church of St. George is much smaller, but it’s filled with beautiful frescoes, including depictions of St. George and other saints, as well as an iconostasis that’s both elegant and simple.
- Quiet Atmosphere: The church offers a more intimate, peaceful atmosphere, making it a perfect place for reflection and contemplation.
Best Time to Visit
The Church of St. George is often less crowded than other Kremlin churches. Visiting in the early morning or late afternoon is a good way to avoid crowds while enjoying the church’s historical charm.
5. The Patriarchal Palace Chapel (Tserkov’ Patriarkhovo Dvortsovogo)
Why It’s a Must-See
The Patriarchal Palace Chapel is located within the Patriarchal Palace, the residence of the Russian Orthodox Patriarch, and it holds a special place within the Kremlin. The chapel is part of a more modern complex but still carries great historical and religious significance. It’s an important religious site for the Russian Orthodox Church and provides a glimpse into the history of the church-state relationship.
Key Highlights
- Beautiful Architecture: The chapel is known for its elegant design, combining elements of Byzantine and Russian Orthodox architectural styles. It’s more intimate than the larger cathedrals, offering a peaceful place for reflection.
- Iconography and Frescoes: The interior features icons and frescoes depicting various saints and scenes from the life of Christ. The artistic details are quite striking, and the chapel’s small size makes for a more personal experience.
- Spiritual Significance: The chapel plays an important role in the religious life of the Russian Orthodox Church, as it’s still used for religious ceremonies by the Patriarch of Moscow.
Best Time to Visit
Since the Patriarchal Palace Chapel is a functioning place of worship, it’s important to check for service times before you visit. Visiting in the morning before services begin is often the best time to enjoy the quiet beauty of the chapel.
Conclusion
The Assumption Cathedral is undoubtedly the star of the Kremlin’s cathedral lineup, but the five other cathedrals—Annunciation Cathedral, Archangel Cathedral, Church of the Twelve Apostles, Church of St. George, and the Patriarchal Palace Chapel—are all worthy of a visit. Each cathedral offers its own unique history, architecture, and cultural significance, providing a deeper understanding of Russia’s royal and religious heritage. Whether you’re interested in Russian Orthodox architecture, the history of the tsars, or simply soaking in the serene atmosphere, these cathedrals are essential stops for any visitor to the Kremlin.