Saint Petersburg, often referred to as Russia’s cultural capital, is a city steeped in history, art, and architectural grandeur. Founded by Peter the Great in 1703, Saint Petersburg has served as the Russian Empire’s capital and has witnessed significant historical events. The city’s beauty is defined by its grand palaces, canals, and famous museums. Whether you’re an art enthusiast, history buff, or simply someone looking to explore a stunning city, Saint Petersburg offers plenty to captivate every traveler.
Here’s a guide to the top 10 must-see sights for first-time visitors to Saint Petersburg.
1. The Hermitage Museum
One of the largest and most prestigious museums in the world, The Hermitage Museum is a must-visit for anyone coming to Saint Petersburg. Located in the Winter Palace, the museum houses an incredible collection of over 3 million pieces of art, including works by Leonardo da Vinci, Rembrandt, Michelangelo, and Cezanne. The museum also boasts ancient artifacts, sculptures, and royal collections from the Romanov family.
Why Visit:
- The Winter Palace itself is an architectural masterpiece and a symbol of Russian imperial power.
- The art collections are truly world-class, with pieces from ancient civilizations and masterpieces from Renaissance to modern art.
Tips:
- Allocate several hours to explore the museum. Be sure to visit the Jordan Staircase, the Throne Room, and the Raphael Loggias.
2. Peter and Paul Fortress
The Peter and Paul Fortress is the oldest structure in Saint Petersburg, founded by Peter the Great in 1703. Situated on Zayachy Island, the fortress is home to the Peter and Paul Cathedral, where many of Russia’s emperors and empresses, including the Romanovs, are buried.
Why Visit:
- Explore the Peter and Paul Cathedral, known for its golden spire, which dominates the skyline of Saint Petersburg.
- The fortress offers stunning views of the Neva River and provides insight into Russia’s military history.
Tips:
- Visit the State Museum of the History of Saint Petersburg inside the fortress for a deeper understanding of the city’s origins.
3. The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood
A quintessential symbol of Saint Petersburg’s architectural beauty, the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood was built on the site where Tsar Alexander II was assassinated in 1881. Its colorful onion domes and intricate mosaics make it one of the most iconic landmarks in the city.
Why Visit:
- The church’s interior is adorned with over 7,500 square meters of mosaics, which depict scenes from the New Testament.
- The exterior features vibrant, colorful domes that are an architectural hallmark of Russian Revival style.
Tips:
- Spend time exploring the mosaics inside, as they are among the largest and most stunning in the world.
4. Saint Isaac’s Cathedral
Saint Isaac’s Cathedral is one of the largest and most impressive churches in Russia. It boasts an enormous golden dome and is an outstanding example of Russian Neoclassical architecture. The cathedral also offers panoramic views of the city from its colonnade.
Why Visit:
- The interior is rich with gold, marble, and mosaics, and the central dome is adorned with stunning frescoes.
- The cathedral’s colonnade provides a spectacular 360-degree view of the city.
Tips:
- If you’re visiting during the summer, don’t miss the chance to enjoy the sunset from the colonnade for a truly magical experience.
5. Catherine Palace and Park
Located in the town of Pushkin, just outside of Saint Petersburg, the Catherine Palace is a stunning example of Baroque architecture. The palace is famous for its Amber Room, a room entirely lined with amber panels, which was restored after being lost during WWII.
Why Visit:
- The palace is a masterpiece of Russian Baroque and features ornate rooms like the Great Hall and the Catherine Hall.
- The surrounding Catherine Park is an idyllic spot for a walk, with beautiful gardens, lakes, and fountains.
Tips:
- Be sure to see the Amber Room, one of the most famous and intricate designs in the world, known for its golden panels and mirrors.
6. Nevsky Prospekt
Saint Petersburg’s Nevsky Prospekt is the city’s main thoroughfare, running from the Admiralty to the Alexander Nevsky Monastery. It is lined with historical buildings, shops, restaurants, and theaters, making it a hub of activity for both locals and tourists.
Why Visit:
- This bustling street is home to many architectural landmarks, including the Kazansky Cathedral, Singer House, and Anichkov Bridge.
- It’s the perfect place for a leisurely walk, offering a lively atmosphere and plenty of cafes and shops to stop and enjoy.
Tips:
- Spend some time window-shopping and exploring the many hidden art galleries and bookstores along Nevsky Prospekt.
7. Peterhof Palace and Gardens
Often referred to as the Russian Versailles, Peterhof Palace is a grand imperial estate located on the shores of the Gulf of Finland. Built by Peter the Great, this stunning palace complex features magnificent fountains, gardens, and fountains that are among the largest in Europe.
Why Visit:
- The Grand Cascade is a spectacular series of fountains and waterfalls, leading down from the palace into the lower gardens.
- The gardens are beautifully designed, with paths, sculptures, and reflecting pools, making it a peaceful escape.
Tips:
- Visit in the warmer months to see the fountains in full operation, as they are closed during the winter season.
8. Kazan Cathedral
Located on Nevsky Prospekt, Kazan Cathedral is one of Saint Petersburg’s most impressive religious buildings. The cathedral is dedicated to Our Lady of Kazan and features a grand colonnade, inspired by St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome.
Why Visit:
- The cathedral’s majestic dome and iconic colonnade are key elements of Saint Petersburg’s skyline.
- The cathedral is an important part of Russia’s Orthodox Christian heritage and houses religious artifacts and icons.
Tips:
- Make sure to visit the iconostasis and view the famous icon of Our Lady of Kazan, which is believed to be a miraculous relic.
9. Russian Museum
The Russian Museum is located in the Mikhailovsky Palace and houses one of the world’s most comprehensive collections of Russian art. It is dedicated to showcasing Russia’s artistic history, with works dating back to the 11th century.
Why Visit:
- The museum’s collection spans icons, paintings, sculpture, and decorative arts from Russia’s medieval period to modern times.
- Key highlights include works by Repin, Brodsky, Shishkin, and Aivazovsky.
Tips:
- Spend time exploring the early Russian art and iconography, which provide fascinating insights into the country’s cultural history.
10. Mariinsky Theatre
For a dose of culture, head to the Mariinsky Theatre, one of the most famous opera and ballet houses in the world. It has a rich history dating back to the 19th century and is the birthplace of many legendary performances and compositions.
Why Visit:
- The Mariinsky Ballet and Mariinsky Opera are internationally renowned for their world-class performances.
- Attend a performance to experience the beauty of Russian opera and ballet, or simply admire the historic theater building.
Tips:
- If you can’t catch a performance, consider taking a guided tour of the theater to learn about its fascinating history and stunning architecture.
Conclusion
Saint Petersburg is a city full of history, culture, and beauty, offering something for every kind of traveler. From the opulence of Peterhof Palace to the artistic treasures housed in the Hermitage Museum, and the architectural grandeur of Saint Isaac’s Cathedral, there’s no shortage of must-see sights in this spectacular city. Whether you’re wandering along Nevsky Prospekt, exploring the Peter and Paul Fortress, or taking in a performance at the Mariinsky Theatre, these top landmarks offer a deep dive into Russia’s imperial past and artistic heritage.