Cov khoom noj mis nyuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Lavxias ua zaub mov thiab yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws txoj kev ua noj ua haus. Cov neeg Lavxias muaj kev txaus siab rau cov khoom noj siv mis, uas yog siv ntau txoj hauv kev hauv ob qho tib si noj txhua hnub thiab cov tais diav festive. Los ntawm nto moo Lavxias teb sab qaub cream (smetana) rau creamy tsev cheese (tsev cheese), cov khoom lag luam no muaj ntau yam khoom qab zib thiab textures uas txhim kho ntau yam tais diav. Nov yog saib qee qhov nrov tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab cov khoom siv mis nyuj thiab lawv siv li cas hauv kev ua noj txhua hnub.
1. Smetana (Сметана) - Sour Cream
smetana, los yog Lavxias teb sab qaub cream, tej zaum yog lub iconic mis nyuj haus cov khoom nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws yog tuab, creamy, thiab me ntsis tangy, ua rau nws zoo meej ntxiv rau ntau cov tais diav Lavxias. Smetana yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, ob qho tib si ua ib qho topping thiab ua ib qho khoom xyaw hauv kev ua noj.
Kev siv ntau yam ntawm Smetana:
- Raws li Topping: Smetana feem ntau tau txais kev pab raws li topping rau kua zaub nyiam borscht qab thiab shchi (Cabbage kua zaub). Nws nplua nuj, creamy kev ntxhib los mos sib npaug lub acidity ntawm cov kua zaub thiab ntxiv ib qho kev nplij siab.
- Hauv Sauces thiab Dips: Nws yog siv los ua cov kua ntses nplua nuj, feem ntau tov nrog qij, tshuaj ntsuab, los yog mustard, thiab pab nrog nqaij, dumplings (xws li pelmeni ua), los yog zaub.
- Hauv Baking: Smetana kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov khoom ci, xws li smetannik ua (ib lub ncuav mog qab zib qaub), qhov twg nws ntxiv noo noo thiab ib qho me ntsis tangy tsw rau lub batter.
- Nrog Qos yaj ywm: Smetana yog ib qho classic accompaniment rau boiled los yog mashed qos yaj ywm, txhim khu lub tsw thiab muab ib tug creamy sib piv.
2. Tvorog (Творог) - Lavxias teb sab tsev cheese
Tsev cheese yog ib txwm Lavxias teb sab tsev cheese, paub txog nws txoj kev ntxhib los mos thiab me ntsis tangy tsw. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb muaj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ua noj thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si qab zib thiab savory tais diav.
Common Uses of Tvorog:
- Noj tshais: Tvorog feem ntau noj ua zaub mov noj, sib xyaw nrog zib ntab, jam, los yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab. Nws feem ntau ua ke nrog tshuaj yej los yog siv los ua kis rau mov ci or pancakes.
- Syrniki (zeeg): Ib qho ntawm cov tais diav uas nrov tshaj plaws ua nrog tvorog yog sib, ib hom ntawm Lavxias teb sab pancake ua los ntawm combining tvorog nrog hmoov, qe, thiab qab zib, ces kib lub sib tov rau hauv golden ncuav mog qab zib. Lawv feem ntau tau txais kev pab nrog qaub cream los yog jam.
- Cov tais diav: Tvorog kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov tais diav, xws li samxwbi or dumplings, qhov twg nws yog tov nrog tshuaj ntsuab, qej, los yog qos yaj ywm rau txhaws.
- Khoom qab zib: Tvorog tuaj yeem siv los ua cheesecakes lossis tvorozhniki ua, nplua nuj, qab zib qab zib uas feem ntau flavored nrog vanilla los yog txiv qaub.
3. Kefir (Кефир) - fermented mis nyuj haus
Kefir yog ib qho nrov fermented mis nyuj haus, feem ntau piv rau yogurt tab sis thinner nyob rau hauv sib xws. Nws yog tsim los ntawm fermenting nyuj los yog tshis mis nyuj nrog kefir nplej, uas muaj ib tug sib tov ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov poov xab. Kefir paub txog nws cov ntsiab lus probiotic thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv, thiab nws muaj qhov tsw qab me ntsis.
Feem ntau siv Kefir:
- Raws li haus: Kefir feem ntau yog siv los ua ib qho dej qab zib, xws li dawb los yog qab zib nrog zib ntab lossis txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws yog feem ntau noj ntawm pluas tshais los yog khoom noj txom ncauj.
- Hauv Kev Ua Noj Ua Haus: Kefir tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom xyaw hauv cov tais diav, xws li marinades rau cov nqaij, qhov twg nws tenderizes cov nqaij thiab ntxiv ib me ntsis tang. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv ci los hloov buttermilk los yog yogurt, ntxiv noo noo thiab hloov maj mam tsw.
- Hauv Smoothies: Kefir yog lub hauv paus zoo tshaj plaws rau smoothies, sib xyaw nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, berries, los yog zaub rau cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, dej qab zib.
4. Ryazhenka (Ряженка) - Ci Mis Haus
ryazhenka ua yog lwm cov tshuaj fermented mis nyuj haus, ua los ntawm ci mis nyuj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ua ntej fermenting nrog cov kab mob lactic acid. Nws muaj ib tug smooth, creamy kev ntxhib los mos thiab ib tug me ntsis qab zib tsw, uas ua rau nws txawv ntawm kefir. Ryazhenka feem ntau noj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog ntawm Russia, txawm hais tias nws kuj pom nyob rau hauv lub nroog khw muag khoom noj.
Kev siv ntau ntawm Ryazhenka:
- Raws li haus: Zoo li kefir, ryazhenka feem ntau qaug dej qaug cawv ntawm nws tus kheej raws li kev noj tshais, feem ntau ua rau txias. Nws kuj yog qee zaum qab zib nrog zib ntab lossis jam.
- Hauv Khoom Qab Zib: Ryazhenka qee zaum siv hauv cov khoom qab zib Lavxias, xws li kis (cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo-raws li paj npleg), los yog tov rau hauv tsev cheese los tsim ib lub creamy filling rau pastries los yog ncuav mog qab zib.
- Nrog Porridge: Nws yog feem ntau poured tshaj kub oatmeal or buckwheat kasha, ntxiv kev nplua nuj thiab ib qho tshwj xeeb tsw rau lub tais.
5. Syr (Sыр) - Cheese
Cheese yog ib qho khoom noj siv mis uas nrov hauv tebchaws Russia, txawm hais tias ib txwm muaj, Lavxias teb sab cheese tau yooj yim dua thiab me me hauv tsw piv rau qee hom Western. Niaj hnub no, Russia tsim ntau yam cheeses, los ntawm tshiab, mos cheeses mus rau cov laus, nyuaj cheeses, thiab cheese (cheese) yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm ntau cov zaub mov Lavxias.
Feem ntau siv Russian Cheese:
- Poshekhonsky: Cov cheese ib nrab nrog ib qho me me tsw, feem ntau siv hauv cov qhaub cij, zaub nyoos, los yog khoom noj txom ncauj nrog qhob cij.
- Tvorog (hauv Cheese Form): Ib tug firmer version ntawm tvorog yog tej zaum nias thiab muag li cheese, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv savory pies los yog ci lauj kaub tais diav.
- Russian Gouda: Nyob rau niaj hnub no, cheeses nyiam Lavxias teb sab Gouda tau ua nrov nyob rau hauv Russia, ntxiv ntau yam rau cov kev xaiv cheese muaj.
Common Uses of Syr (Cheese):
- Nyob rau ncuav: Cheese feem ntau noj nrog tshiab mov ci los yog ib feem ntawm qhov txias nyuaj. Nws nquag ua ke nrog hnyuv ntxwm or txiv lws suav.
- Hauv Salads: Russian salads, xws li Olivier (Lavxias teb sab zaub xam lav), feem ntau muaj cheese, thiab nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lwm cov tais diav los yog casseroles.
- Hauv Cov Khoom Ci: Lavxias teb sab cheese feem ntau ntxiv rau savory pastries, xws li pirozhki ua (cov buns) los yog pirogi (pies), qhov twg nws yog khub nrog zaub los yog nqaij rau ib tug qab filling.
6. Sour Milk (Cкисшее молоко)
Kua mis nyuj, los yog skishee moloko, yog hom fermented mis nyuj uas tshwm sim thaum cov mis nyuj tso rau qaub lawm. Nws muaj ib qho me me, tangy tsw thiab kev ntxhib los mos uas zoo ib yam li buttermilk.
Kev siv cov kua mis nyeem qaub:
- Hauv Baking: Cov mis nyuj qab zib yog qee zaum siv rau hauv ci, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv pancakes lossis qhob cij zaub mov txawv, qhov twg nws tuaj yeem pab tsim cov khoom sib tw thiab ntxiv me ntsis tang rau cov khoom kawg.
- Raws li haus: Nws tuaj yeem noj tau ntawm nws tus kheej raws li kev noj qab haus huv, probiotic haus, zoo ib yam li kefir.
- Nyob rau hauv Savory tais: Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov tais diav savory, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj chaw deb nroog ntawm Russia, ntxiv creaminess thiab acidity rau cov kua ntses los yog stews.
7. Butter (zeeg)
butter yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab cuisine, thiab nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si qab zib thiab savory tais diav. Lavxias teb sab butter feem ntau yog ua los ntawm nyuj cov kua mis thiab muaj nplua nuj, creamy tsw uas teeb nws sib nrug los ntawm lwm yam butters thoob ntiaj teb.
Kev siv cov butter:
- Hauv Baking: Butter feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ci, los ntawm Pob Zeb rau ncuav thiab ncuav qab zib. Nws imparts nplua nuj, kev sib tw zoo nkauj rau mov paj.
- Hauv Kev Ua Noj Ua Haus: Butter feem ntau siv los kib lossis sauté zaub, nqaij, thiab ntses. Nws yog feem ntau ntxiv rau borscht qab, kua zaub, los yog qha (porridge) rau kev nplua nuj.
- Raws li Topping: Butter feem ntau kis ntawm qhob cij, ua hauj lwm nrog pancakes (blini), los yog melted tshaj cov zaub kub los yog qos yaj ywm.
xaus
Lavxias teb sab khoom noj siv mis muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab muab ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov pluas noj txhua hnub thiab cov tais diav. Los ntawm tangy richness ntawm smetana mus rau creamy kev ntxhib los mos ntawm tsev cheese, cov flavors ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov khoom noj siv mis txhim khu txhua yam ntawm savory pluas mov mus rau khoom qab zib. Cov khoom no tau dhau los ntawm ntau tiam neeg thiab txuas ntxiv mus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv chav ua noj Lavxias niaj hnub no. Seb koj nyob nraum txaus siab rau ib tug yooj yim tais ntawm kasha nrog butter thiab qaub cream, los yog indulging nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawm tvorog cheesecake, Lavxias teb sab cov khoom siv mis nyuj yog qhov tseeb xav txog ntawm lub teb chaws nplua nuj ua noj keeb kwm.