The Kremlin is the heart of Moscow, filled with history, stunning architecture, and rich cultural significance. Whether you’re a history buff, a photography enthusiast, or simply looking to explore the most important landmarks of Russia’s capital, a walking tour of the Kremlin and its surroundings is a must. This guide will take you through the best walking route to explore the Kremlin, starting from its famous Cathedral Square and moving through its surrounding areas, providing you with a thorough and rewarding experience of one of Moscow’s most iconic sites.
1. Starting at Red Square
Why It’s Important
Red Square is the gateway to the Kremlin, and it is one of the most important and iconic places to begin your exploration. The square is known for its historical significance and grand architecture, making it the perfect starting point for your walking route.
Key Highlights
- St. Basil’s Cathedral: One of Moscow’s most recognizable landmarks, St. Basil’s Cathedral, is located on the southern edge of Red Square. Its brightly colored domes make for an incredible photo opportunity and are a great introduction to the history of the city.
- Lenin’s Mausoleum: As you walk through Red Square, make sure to stop by Lenin’s Mausoleum, where the embalmed body of Vladimir Lenin, the founder of the Soviet Union, is on display. Although not part of the Kremlin complex, it is an important site in the square.
- The State Historical Museum: Another significant building on Red Square is the State Historical Museum, which offers insight into Russia’s rich history through its extensive collections of artifacts.
Why It’s Great
- Historical Significance: Red Square has been the site of countless historic events, parades, and political rallies, and its symbolic importance makes it the ideal starting point for your Kremlin journey.
2. Entering the Kremlin via the Trinity Gate
Why It’s Important
The Trinity Gate (or Trinity Tower) is the main entrance into the Kremlin from Red Square. This is where your walk through the Kremlin’s fortified walls officially begins. The entrance serves as a gatekeeper to Russia’s heart, where you’ll experience a world of rich history and stunning architecture.
Key Highlights
- Trinity Tower: Built in the late 15th century, the Trinity Tower is a key part of the Kremlin’s defensive architecture. As you enter, you’ll pass under the iconic red-brick tower, which stands as a symbolic gateway to the Kremlin’s sacred and political power.
- The Kremlin Walls: Walk along the Kremlin’s fortified walls, built to protect the royal family and important institutions from external threats. The walls offer both protection and historical context, with numerous towers, including the Spasskaya Tower, offering impressive views of the Moscow skyline.
Why It’s Great
- Iconic Entrance: The Trinity Gate sets the tone for your exploration of the Kremlin, offering an introduction to its rich history and fortress-like architecture.
3. Cathedral Square: The Heart of the Kremlin
Why It’s Important
Once inside the Kremlin, head straight to Cathedral Square—the central hub of religious and political life in the Kremlin. The square is surrounded by magnificent cathedrals and historical buildings that showcase Russia’s spiritual heritage and imperial legacy.
Key Highlights
- Assumption Cathedral: This cathedral was the main church for the Russian tsars and is the site of coronations and state events. The interior is beautifully decorated with iconography and frescoes depicting significant moments from Christian history.
- Archangel Cathedral: This cathedral is the burial site of many of Russia’s royal family members, including the grand princes and tsars of the Muscovite period. The architecture and grandeur of the cathedral are awe-inspiring, showcasing the religious significance of the Kremlin.
- Annunciation Cathedral: This smaller but equally impressive cathedral was the royal church of the Russian tsars. The building is filled with golden domes and intricate artwork, making it one of the key places to visit in Cathedral Square.
- Ivan the Great Bell Tower: Rising above Cathedral Square, the Ivan the Great Bell Tower is the tallest structure in the Kremlin. The tower serves as a symbol of Russia’s historical and spiritual might. The tower is also a great spot for panoramic views of the Kremlin and the surrounding area.
Why It’s Great
- Cultural and Religious Significance: Cathedral Square is the spiritual center of the Kremlin, providing a deeper understanding of Russia’s Orthodox Christian roots and the monarchy’s close relationship with the church. The beautiful churches and cathedrals are an essential part of the Kremlin’s legacy.
4. The Grand Kremlin Palace
Why It’s Important
The Grand Kremlin Palace is the official residence of the President of Russia and one of the most imposing structures in the Kremlin. This opulent building was once the residence of Russian tsars and is now a working government facility, making it a fascinating place to visit.
Key Highlights
- Palace Interior: While access to the interior of the Grand Kremlin Palace is generally restricted to official events and government meetings, the building’s exterior is stunning, featuring golden domes and luxurious architectural details.
- The State Rooms: The State Rooms of the palace, including the St. George Hall and the Catherine Hall, are used for official ceremonies and are magnificent examples of imperial Russian architecture.
- Presidential Residence: While you cannot tour the interiors as a tourist, you can still admire the palace from the outside and learn about its role as the residence of the Russian president.
Why It’s Great
- Majestic Architecture: The Grand Kremlin Palace is an architectural masterpiece, and even from the outside, it offers a glimpse into the luxurious lifestyle of Russia’s ruling elite, from the tsars to modern political leaders.
5. The Armoury Chamber
Why It’s Important
The Armoury Chamber is one of the oldest museums in Russia and a treasure trove of royal artifacts. It houses historic armor, carriages, gifts, and crown jewels, offering a fascinating look at Russia’s imperial past.
Key Highlights
- Tsarist Treasures: The Armoury displays a collection of the Russian tsars’ personal belongings, including royal carriages, ceremonial clothing, and even jewels.
- The Tsar’s Regalia: Among the most significant items in the collection are the imperial crowns, scepters, and thrones used by Russia’s monarchs during coronation ceremonies.
- Art and Gifts: The museum also displays iconic Russian art, including paintings, icons, and artifacts gifted to the tsars by foreign dignitaries.
Why It’s Great
- Unique Artifacts: The Armoury Chamber is a must-see museum for those interested in Russia’s royal history. It’s an immersive experience that provides a deeper understanding of Russia’s imperial culture and the grandeur of its tsarist past.
6. Walking Along the Kremlin’s Walls and Towers
Why It’s Important
The Kremlin walls are not only an important historical and architectural feature, but they also offer some of the best views of the Moscow River, Red Square, and the surrounding area. Walking along the Kremlin walls allows you to appreciate the fortress-like nature of the Kremlin and see the towers that have guarded the Russian heart for centuries.
Key Highlights
- Spasskaya Tower: This is the most famous of the Kremlin towers, adorned with a clock that chimes the hour and is used in the Victory Day Parade and other significant events.
- Tainitskaya Tower: Another important tower, Tainitskaya Tower offers beautiful views of the surrounding Kremlin gardens and the Moscow River.
- Walk Along the Walls: Walking along the walls offers a chance to learn about the military history of the Kremlin and see it from a different perspective, appreciating its role as both a political and military center.
Why It’s Great
- Stunning Views: The Kremlin’s walls offer unique views of the city, and walking along them gives a sense of how the Kremlin protected its rulers and institutions over the centuries.
- History and Architecture: The walls and towers are integral to understanding the Kremlin’s defensive nature and its role in Moscow’s history.
7. Ending at Alexander Garden
Why It’s Important
To complete your walk, head to Alexander Garden, which is located just outside the Kremlin’s walls. The garden offers a peaceful retreat, beautiful fountains, and historical monuments. It’s a great place to relax after your walk and reflect on the history of the Kremlin.
Key Highlights
- The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier: A memorial to Soviet soldiers who died during World War II, the tomb is an important site of remembrance and reflection.
- Monuments and Statues: The garden is filled with beautiful monuments that commemorate Russia’s military and cultural heroes.
Why It’s Great
- Relaxing Atmosphere: After a day of exploring the Kremlin, Alexander Garden offers a peaceful space to relax and enjoy the beauty of the Moscow River and the Kremlin walls.
- Historical Reflection: The garden’s memorials add a solemn and reflective end to your walk through one of the most historically significant parts of Moscow.
Conclusion
Walking through the Kremlin and its surrounding areas is a unique opportunity to explore Russian history, culture, and architecture. From the grandeur of Cathedral Square to the breathtaking views from the Kremlin walls, this walking route offers a deep dive into Russia’s royal past and its ongoing significance in the modern world. Whether you’re fascinated by the art, the architecture, or the spiritual life of the Kremlin, this route provides a comprehensive and rewarding experience of Moscow’s most iconic landmark.