Red Square is one of the most iconic landmarks in Russia and one of the most famous squares in the world. However, beyond its well-known status as a political and historical center, there are many fascinating facts about Red Square that might surprise even the most knowledgeable visitors. Here are 10 lesser-known facts about Red Square that you may not know.
1. Red Square Wasn’t Always Red
The name “Red Square” actually has nothing to do with the color of the bricks or buildings. The word “krasnaya” in old Russian meant both “beautiful” and “red.” So, the name Red Square originally referred to it being a beautiful square, not the color of the stone. Over time, however, people began to associate the word with its color, and that’s how the name became linked to the square’s appearance.
2. The Square Used to Be a Marketplace
Before it became a symbol of political power and historical significance, Red Square was originally a bustling marketplace. In the 15th century, it was a central area for trade and public gatherings, and it served as a vital space for the economy of Moscow.
- The square was also used for public executions and coronations in the early days, adding a darker aspect to its historical function.
3. It Was the Site of the First Soviet Parade in 1919
The first Soviet military parade on Red Square took place in 1919. This marked the beginning of a tradition of mass parades that continued throughout the Soviet era, particularly for events like May Day and Victory Day. These parades were not only a display of military might but also ideological demonstrations of Soviet strength.
4. The GUM Department Store Is More Than 100 Years Old
Located on the southern side of Red Square, the GUM Department Store (State Department Store) is a historic and architecturally stunning building. Originally built in the late 19th century under the rule of Tsar Alexander III, GUM has evolved from a place of elite shopping during the Tsarist period to a luxury shopping mall in modern Russia.
- GUM’s grand design includes a glass roof and is home to several high-end brands, both Russian and international.
5. The Lenin Mausoleum Is a Political Symbol
The Lenin Mausoleum, where Vladimir Lenin’s embalmed body is displayed, stands in the center of Red Square and is one of Russia’s most important political landmarks. Lenin’s tomb was initially created in 1924 after his death, and his body has been preserved and displayed ever since, making it a symbol of Soviet power and influence.
- Interestingly, Lenin’s body has been kept in near-perfect condition for almost a century, and visiting the mausoleum is a popular tourist activity.
6. There Are Hidden Tombs Beneath Red Square
Although most people know about Lenin’s Mausoleum, there are also other graves beneath the square. The Mausoleum itself sits atop a burial site that includes the tombs of several notable Soviet leaders, such as Josef Stalin (though his remains were moved to the Kremlin Wall Necropolis in 1961), and other political figures from the Soviet era.
- Red Square is not only a site of historical monuments but also a resting place for several key figures in Russia’s history.
7. The Square Is Larger Than You Think
At first glance, Red Square may seem like a modest public space, but it’s actually enormous. The square spans around 23,100 square meters (about 250,000 square feet), making it one of the largest public squares in the world.
- The sheer size of the square makes it an ideal location for parades, concerts, and public celebrations like Russia’s annual Victory Day Parade.
8. The Spasskaya Tower Used to Have a Prison
The Spasskaya Tower is one of the most recognizable landmarks on Red Square, part of the Kremlin Wall. While today it is famous for housing the Kremlin clock, it has a fascinating history that goes beyond its architectural beauty.
- In the past, the tower once contained a prison where political prisoners were held during the time of the Russian Empire and later under Soviet rule.
9. Red Square Hosts World-Renowned Events
Although historically political, Red Square is also a vibrant cultural center. In addition to its political significance, Red Square hosts music festivals, fashion shows, and major international events. It is also the site of the annual Moscow International Film Festival.
- Winter months bring a festive atmosphere to the square, with a Christmas market that attracts both locals and tourists.
10. It’s Not Just for Tourists — It’s a Cultural Hub for Locals
Red Square is not just a place for tourists to visit; it’s also a vital public space for Muscovites. On any given day, you might see locals enjoying the open air, exercising, or participating in public events. It’s a common gathering point for Moscow’s residents, and they often use the space to celebrate national holidays or simply enjoy time with friends and family.
- Locals also visit GUM for shopping and dining or St. Basil’s Cathedral for religious services, making the square a living, breathing part of Moscow’s day-to-day life.
Conclusion
Red Square is a place rich with history, symbolism, and cultural significance. From the royal days of the Russian Empire to the rise of the Soviet Union and the modern-day Russia we see today, Red Square continues to play an essential role in Moscow’s identity. The 10 facts outlined above only scratch the surface of this iconic location, making Red Square a must-visit for anyone looking to understand Russia’s complex and fascinating history.