While Russia is most famous for its vodka, the country also boasts a vibrant and growing cider scene. In recent years, Russian cider has gained increasing popularity, offering a refreshing alternative to traditional spirits. With its unique varieties, rich history, and emerging modern twists, Russian cider is something adventurous tourists should explore.
This guide will introduce you to the world of Russian ciders, highlighting the key differences between Russian cider and other ciders from around the world, the types of apples used, the history of cider in Russia, and the best places to enjoy it. Whether you’re an experienced cider drinker or new to the drink, this guide will provide everything you need to know about Russian ciders.
1. The History of Cider in Russia
Cider’s Humble Beginnings:
Cider-making in Russia can trace its origins back to the country’s deep agricultural roots. Historically, Russia has had a long tradition of producing fruit-based alcoholic beverages, primarily from apples. While the Slavic peoples made fermented fruit drinks like kvass (a fermented rye beverage) and medovukha (a honey-based alcoholic drink), cider as we know it today was not widely produced or consumed until recently.
In the Soviet era, there was a general lack of focus on cider production, as the country’s alcoholic beverage industry was more focused on vodka and beer. However, cider began to make a comeback in the late 1990s and early 2000s, as global cider trends began to reach Russian shores. The Russian government and private companies started investing in cider production, especially as demand for fruit-based beverages grew in the wake of changing tastes and Western influence.
Modern Russian Cider Scene:
Today, Russian cider has become a staple in many cities, particularly among younger people who are looking for a light, refreshing drink. Russian cider is influenced by both Western European traditions (particularly those from France and the UK) and the local Russian palate, creating a distinct mix of flavors and styles.
2. Types of Russian Ciders
Traditional Apple Cider:
Much like the popular varieties found in the UK and France, Russian apple cider is made from apples grown in local orchards, especially those found in the southern regions of Russia, such as Krasnodar and Dagestan. These areas benefit from a favorable climate for growing apples, which is ideal for cider production.
- Dry Cider: Many Russian ciders are made in the dry style, with little to no added sweetness. This style is very similar to traditional French dry ciders, which have a crisp, tart, and refreshing taste.
- Sweet and Semi-Sweet Cider: While dry ciders are common, sweeter varieties are also available. These ciders often have added sugar or fruit concentrates, giving them a more fruity and sweet profile.
Fruit Ciders Beyond Apples:
In addition to traditional apple cider, Russian cider makers have also explored other fruit-based ciders, blending flavors to create unique combinations.
- Pear Cider: Similar to perry (the British pear cider), Russian pear cider is made from local varieties of pears. It tends to be a bit lighter and more aromatic than apple cider.
- Berry Cider: As berries like blackcurrants, cherries, and strawberries are common in Russia, berry-based ciders are popular, especially during the summer months. These ciders have a distinct sweet and tart flavor profile and are perfect for warmer weather.
Craft and Specialty Ciders:
There is a growing craft cider movement in Russia, with smaller, independent cideries producing limited-edition ciders. These ciders are often made with local or wild apples, and sometimes even with additional botanicals, herbs, and spices to create experimental and innovative flavors.
- Herbal and Spiced Ciders: Some Russian cider makers are experimenting with infusions of mint, cinnamon, cloves, or hops, adding a unique twist to the traditional cider.
3. Russian Cider vs. International Ciders
Differences in Production:
While Russian ciders share many similarities with international styles, the production process often varies based on local apple varieties, climate, and the approach of different cider makers. Russian ciders tend to have a fruitier, sweeter profile in comparison to the drier ciders from France or England. Russian producers also often blend apples with other fruits, like pears and berries, for more complexity.
Alcohol Content:
Russian ciders typically have an alcohol content ranging from 4% to 6% ABV, which is on par with many international ciders. However, some craft ciders can have a higher ABV, especially those made with wild fermentations.
Flavor Profile:
Russian ciders tend to have a full-bodied, fruit-forward flavor, with apples being the dominant flavor. However, some producers use botanical infusions and other fruits, making the cider taste more complex than the standard apple-based ciders found in other parts of the world.
Packaging:
Like many international ciders, Russian ciders are available in bottles and cans. However, in Russia, it’s also common to find cider served from large kegs at festivals and large events, emphasizing the social aspect of drinking cider.
4. Where to Drink Russian Cider
Cider in Russian Bars and Cafes:
Although vodka is the drink most associated with Russia, cider is gaining popularity in urban centers such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Kazan. Many trendy bars and cafes in these cities offer a range of Russian and imported ciders.
- Cider Taverns: Some specialty bars and pubs in Moscow serve only cider, offering a wide selection of local and international brands.
- Beer and Cider Bars: With the growing popularity of cider, many beer-focused establishments now feature a rotating selection of local and craft ciders, catering to a more diverse clientele.
Russian Cider Festivals:
For tourists interested in experiencing Russian cider firsthand, attending one of the country’s cider festivals is a must. These festivals often take place in the summer and offer visitors the chance to sample a wide variety of local ciders, learn about the craft cider industry, and enjoy live music and entertainment.
- Moscow Cider Festival: One of the biggest cider events in Russia, the Moscow Cider Festival celebrates the best of Russian and international cider, attracting both cider enthusiasts and casual drinkers.
- Regional Cider Events: Various regions in Russia, including Krasnodar and Tatarstan, hold their own cider festivals, often highlighting local producers and regional apple varieties.
5. How to Pair Russian Cider
Just like wine, cider pairs well with a variety of foods, and there are many ways to enjoy cider in a meal setting.
Food Pairings:
- Sausages and Grilled Meats: The slightly sweet, fruity notes in cider make it an excellent match for savory dishes, especially grilled meats, sausages, and barbecued foods.
- Cheeses: Hard cheeses like aged cheddar or brie pair beautifully with dry ciders, while creamy cheeses like goat cheese work wonderfully with sweeter ciders.
- Pastries and Sweets: Ciders, particularly those with fruity or herbal notes, go perfectly with apple pie, blini, or Russian pastries such as pirozhki.
Cider Cocktails:
For those looking for a creative twist, Russian cider is also used in a range of cocktails. Mix it with vodka for a refreshing, bubbly combination or experiment with fruit juices and herbs for a cocktail that showcases the flavors of both cider and local ingredients.
6. Notable Russian Cider Brands
Several local brands have gained recognition in the growing Russian cider market. These brands offer a variety of ciders, ranging from traditional apple to more experimental fruit blends.
- Lomonosov Cider: Known for its range of classic and fruit-infused ciders, Lomonosov is one of the leading cider brands in Russia.
- Zelenogradsky Cider: This brand offers an array of craft ciders, using apples grown in the Moscow region. Their ciders often feature unique blends of apples and local fruits.
- Kvasova Cider: While kvass is the more famous drink in Russia, Kvasova Cider combines traditional apple fermentation with a touch of rye malt, creating an innovative twist on the classic cider.
Conclusion
Russian cider is a refreshing and exciting option for adventurous tourists looking to experience a different side of Russian beverage culture. With its growing popularity, diverse styles, and rich history of influence from both Russian traditions and Western cider movements, Russian ciders offer an excellent way to connect with local flavors while enjoying a more casual, lighter drink. Whether you’re sipping a crisp apple cider on a warm summer day or exploring the various fruit-infused options, Russian cider is an enjoyable drink that reflects the country’s evolving tastes and rich agricultural landscape.